Estimates based on provisional data indicate an approximate 30% increase in drug overdose deaths from 2019 to 2020, primarily involving opioids (Ahmad et al., 2021). In the United States, rates of non-fatal and fatal opioid overdoses have increased markedly since 2020 (Ciccarone et al., 2021). Community-based post-overdose interventions utilizing a law enforcement partnership are emergent with promising yet limited examples in empirical literature. Conclusionsįuture studies could benefit from exploration of service provision in rural areas, for family affected by overdose, and for minoritized populations. From the available literature, facilitators of program engagement included communication, information sharing, and leadership buy-in among multidisciplinary partners. Method of outreach, evaluation measures, and outcomes varied. Services offered often included referral to substance use treatment, recovery coaches, and social services. Most interventions used a multidisciplinary outreach team and referenced first responder data to contact individuals who recently experienced an overdose at their residence. ResultsĪ search of PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science yielded 5 peer-reviewed articles that detail the implementation and outcomes of interventions delivered in the United States published from 2001 to July 2021. The objective of the present review was to describe program structure and evaluated outcomes of community-based post-overdose interventions. Understanding the process and outcomes of these interventions is advisable due to the novel partnerships of public health and law enforcement agencies who sometimes hold divergent goals. While these interventions are receiving federal funding, less is known empirically to inform future interventions. An emergent intervention to address the opioid epidemic is the use of multidisciplinary outreach teams which connect an individual in the community to healthcare resources after the experience of an opioid overdose.
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